In practice, the date combinations are represented by two wheels rotating in different directions. This period is called the Calendar Round. This creates a total of 18,980 unique date combinations, which are used to identify each day within a cycle lasting about 52 years.
#Calendario maya how to
How to Set the DateĪ date in the Mayan calendar is specified by its position in both the Tzolkin and the Haab calendars.
According to the most common conversion, this date is equivalent to AugBCE in the Gregorian calendar and SeptemBCE in the Julian calendar.
The “creation date” for the current cycle is 4 Ahau, 8 Kumku. This belief caused the 2012 phenomenon described above, and it still inspires a myriad of prophecies about the end of the world. The Mayans believed that the universe is destroyed and then recreated at the start of each universal cycle. The Maya called it the “universal cycle.” Each such cycle is calculated to be 2,880,000 days long (about 7885 solar years). The Long Count is an astronomical calendar which is used to track longer periods of time. Each day is also given a name (glyph) from a sequence of 20 day names. The days in each period are numbered from 1 to 13. It is a 260-day calendar with 20 periods of 13 days, and it is used to determine the time of religious and ceremonial events. The Tzolkin, meaning “the distribution of the days,” is also called the Divine Calendar and the Sacred Round. In today’s Gregorian calendar, we adjust for this discrepancy by making almost every fourth year a leap year, when an extra day- a leap day-is added on the 29th of February. An actual tropical or solar year, the time it takes Earth to orbit the Sun, takes about 365.24219 days on average. The Haab is somewhat inaccurate as it is exactly 365 days long. Each glyph represents a personality associated with the month. Each day is represented by a number in the month followed by the name of the month. The calendar has an outer ring of Mayan glyphs (pictures) which represent each of the 19 months. The Haab is a 365-day solar calendar which is divided into 18 months of 20 days each and one month which is only 5 days long ( Uayeb).
A typical Mayan date would read: 13.0.0.0.0 4 Ahau 8 Kumku, where 13.0.0.0.0 is the Long Count date, 4 Ahau is the Tzolkin date, and 8 Kumku is the Haab date. The Long Count date comes first, then the Tzolkin date, and last the Haab date. The Tzolkin and the Haab identify the days, but not the years. The three calendars are used simultaneously. Each of them is cyclical, meaning that a certain number of days must occur before a new cycle can begin. The Mayan Calendar consists of three separate corresponding calendars: the Long Count, the Tzolkin (divine calendar), and the Haab (civil calendar). The same system was used by most cultures in pre-Columbian Central America-including those predating the Maya. However, even though the Mayans contributed to the further development of the calendar, they did not actually invent it. The Mayan calendar dates back to at least the 5th century BCE and it is still in use in some Mayan communities today. Of course, the predictions did not come true-just like hundreds of other doomsday prophecies that fizzled out in the past. The media hype and hysteria that ensued was later termed the 2012 phenomenon. The Mayan calendar rose to fame in 2012, when a “Great Cycle” of its Long Count component came to an end, inspiring some to believe that the world would end at 11:11 UTC on December 21, 2012.
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